( If you detect a note of hostility towards the "scientific" community, it is directed towards those counterfeit "scientists" who prostitute themselves for money and fame by twisting the interpretation of or suppressing the data in order to garner favor with the New World Order purveyors of the gospel of Satan, which is amoral materialistic humanism, and to rule out the very possibility that God created us, let alone that He has loved us in offering Himself for us in the Person of His Son on the cross, so that He can freely give us eternal life, thereby saving us from our sins and delivering us from the very appropriate and eminently deserved wrath to come, which God will pour out on those who refuse to be reconciled, but rather elect to remain His enemies without cause. Such "scientists" are selling intellectual fig leaves which will whither and crumble in the Presence of God in the Day of Wrath, leaving their wearers exposed to absolute, inexcusable and everlasting condemnation. My hostility is actually pretty mild in light of what is at stake. God's hostility, on the other hand, will be bound by no such limits. Blessed be His holy name, for in righteousness He does judge and make war.)
The formation of tornadoes is readily explained by observations made elsewhere in God's creation, and by coherently correlating those observations with known meteorological information about the environment in which tornadoes are formed and the testimony of the survivors of direct contact with a tornado as noted above. In short, tornadoes suck.
I support my household employed in the field of residential plumbing service. Drain cleaning is a prominent band in the spectrum of the tasks that I am called upon to perform. I have observed a lot of water going down the drain. ( Much like the money paid to the researchers that came up with the "axially horizontal tornado genesis hypothesis". I am a high school dropout and only the most casual observer of meteorological phenomena. This is a deplorable state of affairs.)
What I have observed is this: the faster that water runs down a drain, the longer the vortex will be that reaches the surface. That vortex is created when the rate of liquid passing into the drain exceeds the rate at which the surrounding liquid can flow in to replace it. This differential creates a reduction in static pressure around the opening that actually destabilizes the boundary between air and water formed at the surface by gravity, and air is drawn into the opening with the moving water. ( When a drain is really clear, there is a distinct "slurping" sound that has evoked surprised comments from many an impressed customer.) This flow of fluids is invariably organized into a uniform rotational configuration unless it is disrupted, and will stabilize to this configuration if the interference is removed. Note that air is only drawn into the opening when the boundary, the surface of the water, is close enough to restrict the flow of water, and air is required to make up the difference in pressure.
Now invert the direction of flow from down to up and replace the primary fluid medium, a body of water, with the atmosphere. The boundary will remain the surface, except that the boundary is now below, instead of above, the fluid medium. In the case of waterspouts, the correlation is obvious and inescapable. In the case of tornadoes and their diminutive cousins, "dust devils", the correlation is a bit more subtle.
Dust devils are formed by thermal convection over level geography as air is heated by the sun on hot days. Dust and debris are drawn up into the vortex formed by air rushing into the negative pressure created as heated air draws cooler air in after it as it rises. The surface of the earth forms a boundary which restricts the flow of air, thus necessitating the pressure differential. This rush of air is typically organized into a rotational configuration except when disrupted.
Tornadoes are formed below "supercells", storm systems generated by massive atmospheric instability as warm humid air violently encounters drier cooler air, seeking equilibrium. Tornadoes occur in the "Great Plains", a gigantic area of level geographical topography. As air is drawn up into a "supercell", the flow is restricted by the proximity of the surface, generating the extreme pressure differential which took our survivor's breath away. The inrushing air is typically organized into a rotating vortex, generating the high velocity winds and drawing loose debris such as cars and houses into it. As this debris rises away from the restricting surface of the earth, it encounters a progressively less intense pressure differential and is released to fall back down to earth, considerably the worse for wear.
Can I have Al Gore's Nobel Prize? Do dreams really come true, over the rainbow?
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12/2/07 Supplemental. On the formation of vortices.
The vortex is exactly what one would expect to see when a fluid medium is flowing away from a planar boundary in a perpendicular direction. The fluid at the surface of the plane must flow horizontally along the plane in converging lines toward the center and then it must change direction from horizontal to vertical to follow the direction of flow. Inertial momentum would prevent a direct right angle turn, so the converging fluid would gradually change direction, being deflected into a spiral motion and gradually changing from horizontal at the planar surface to more vertical as it moves away from the surface.
In the absence of the planar boundary, the fluid would flow in freely from all directions. It is the interaction between air flowing into thermal updrafts and the flat surface of the ground that creates tornadoes. DUH!
On yet another "storm chaser" documentary on the National Geographic Channel, the "axially horizontal tornado genesis hypothesis" was featured much more prominently. Amusingly, scientists were perplexed by a Pampa, Texas tornado event in which the vortex formed in an otherwise stable air mass and progressed laterally at across the surface at ten miles per hour. They presented a graphic of a horizontal vortex being sucked up from the middle like an inchworm! This is a perfect example of how "scientists" become so fixated on a theory that they twist (pun intended) the interpretation of the data to conform to the theory rather than adjusting or scrapping the theory when it doesn't account for the data. (This is irrational behavior. Another term for "irrational" is "demented". Yet another colloquialism for "irrational behavior" is "stark raving lunacy". This type of behavior is much more pathological and chronic when they discuss the subject of the origin of the cosmos, and more particularly, living organisms, especially the species "homo-sapiens".)
A woman whose home was destroyed by the Pampa event reported that very cold air rushed into the room as the force of the wind breached the structure, and she also reported that dirt and mud made her unable to breathe, but that after the twister tossed her free, the dirt and mud were cleared and she was able to breathe again.
This is a misinterpretation of the phenomena that she experienced. It was the negative atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the vortex that made her unable to breathe, and not having a competent interpreter of the data to explain this to her that caused her and the "documentarians" to present this information as accurate.
The "cold air" is also consistent with negative pressure. Decompression of gases always produces a drop in temperature and it is the exploitation of this effect that makes refrigerators and air conditioners work. It also causes humidity in the air to appear as vapor, which effect can be observed as the vapor contrail that is left in the sky behind jet aircraft. The reason that funnel clouds appear to drop down from the cloud layer is that this effect is produced more readily at higher, cooler altitudes, and progresses down toward the ground as the decompression of the air in the vortex overcomes the ability of the progressively warmer strata of the air at lower altitudes to hold their humidity. The base of the cloud layer is the boundary below which the air temperature exceeds the dewpoint. Tornado "researchers" know that the vortex is already present at ground level even before the vortex's reduction of air temperature below the dewpoint by decompressive cooling or its disturbing of matter at the surface make it visible.
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